Naranjo is credited to have the first put the personality disorders (PD) of DSM IV in the Enneagram (in character and neurosis), but Ichazo before propouned his own classification.
| Ichazo | Naranjo | |
| Type 1 | Obsessive-Compulsive | Obsessive-Compulsive |
| Type 2 | Narcissistic | Histrionic |
| Type 3 | Histrionic | X |
| Type 4 | Borderline | Masochistic |
| Type 5 | Schizoid or Anti-Social | Schizoïd |
| Type 6 | Paranoid | Paranoid |
| Type 7 | Schizotypal | Narcissic |
| Type 8 | Passive-Aggressive | Sadistic |
| Type 9 | Avoidant/Dependent | Dependant |
As note Jeffrey Young (in his book, Shema Therapy), the different personality disorders of the DSM IV correspond mainly to behavior disorders. Young states that the core personality schema is cognitive and emotional, and behavior is a defense mechanism to cope with the schema. In our clinical observations since fifteen years, we clearly see that ennea-types is connected to cognitive and emotional schemas, and subtypes to the behavioral defense mechanism. For example, type 6 is schema of vulnerability. If the subtype is more introverted, the individual will surrender to his schema (phobic 6), and if he is more extraverted he will counter attack his schema (counter phobic 6). It’s exactly the same with the nine types as we already stated earlier (#Enneagram Monthly, Issue N° 206)
Our clinical observations confirm the statement of Young : the personality disorders of the DSM IV is more connected to the subtypes (behavioral defense mechanisms) rather than the types (core personality schemas).
For example,
- sx mars : obsessive compulsive PD,
- sx venus : histrionic PD,
- sc : masochistic PD,
- sp : narcissic PD,
- st : schizoid PD
(sx : sexual, sc : social, sp : self preservation, st : spiritual).
The consequences is that every type can be histrionic (and not only the 2), every type can be narcissic (and not only the 7), every type can be obsessive compulsive (and not only the 1), every type can be masochistic (and not only the 4), every type can be schizoid (and not only the 5).
Most of people say a type is not a behavior, although most of the time, we can hear such things as : he is a 4 because he is an artist, he is a 5 because he is a loner, he is a 1 because he is perfectionist, he is a 8 because he is strong, and so on… but don’t you think that artist, loner, perfectionist, strong… sounds like behavior ?
We need to re define ennea-types for what they are : distortion of perception on a cognitive and emotional level, and subtypes for what they are : behavioral defense mechanisms.
We will deepen that topic in the next article on enneagram monthly.
The link between constitution and enneagram leads us to deepen the knowledge of enneagram. It represents the fondamental basis on which our model is built. In order to understand all its implications it is needed to fully aknowledge what is constitution and how it applies to enneagram.
Body, Energy and Mind:
the anthropological model
In the classic medical traditions, since ancient times, constitution is described on three levels: body, energy and mind. Let’s define these three terms to avoid misunderstandings.
Continue reading
Welcome, dear readers and friends, on the new English page of the MARIE Institut, dedicated to the research of Bernadette and Frederic on the Enneagram.
We will publish posts regularly to explain all the different aspects on our new Model, on a both theoretical and practical point of view, such as the fundamental energetical basis of the 3 Centers, the correlation between the 9 types with the Hippocratic and the 5 Taoist Elements, the correlation between the Subtypes and the 5 Jungian Functions, the 5 structures of Character of W Reich, the 5 Wisdom Families of the Buddhist Tradition, and more.
Some other will be on the Homeopathy and Enneagram, but only on a general level.
Some portraits will be proposed also on this page , in a more practical way
This blog will go complementary to Enneagram Monthly Group and magazine and will explore in a deeper way some different topic.
Please, feel free to ask us if you want specific subject to be more explained.
Picture : Thomas Edwin Mostyn Enora Malagré : type 2, wing 1 Alizée : type 3 (no wing for 3) Jennifer Lawrence : type 7, wing 8 Prince Harry : type 4, wing 5, Lady Gaga : type 2, wing 1 Karl Lagerfeld : type 5, wing 4
Portrait Georges Clairin
Sarah Bernhardt’s configuration ( 1844-1923 ) :
For us, Sarah Bernhardt’s type couldn’t be in any cases of a type 4, in which it would have been very tempting to class in for this great artist, whose nickname was “the golden voice”, but in the type 7 of enneagram.
Centre : Mental
Type 7
Wing : type 8
Cofix : type 4, et type 8
Subtypes/Elements : Air/Feu
